1 * # rings 1* # double bonds 2* #triple bonds *** make sure you don't screw this up tips: circle all components c14H19N 1. halogens = hydrogens add to total 2. oxygen is IgnOred 3. N must subtract 1 from the original alkane vs ene or yene

1. Halogen = hydrogen
2. IgnOre - oxygen
3. Nitrogen --> Neg--> subtract 1h

http://www.khanacademy.org/video/naming-alkenes-examples?playlist=Organic%20Chemistry

naming clyclo enes**

1. when solving cyclos first point of double bond is usually assumed to be one (no identification needed)
2. if there is a subst directly bonded to double bond then THAT is one
3. must move across double bond like a bridge no matter what

(# of double bonds) + (2 x # of triple bonds) + (# of rings)

Note that a triple bond counts for two degrees of unsaturation, because a triple bond contains two pi bonds.

Degree of Unsaturation =
[2 + (2 x #Carbons) + #Nitrogens - #Hydrogens - #Halogens]/2

**unsaturated: rings, double bonds, tripple

saturated- none of the above

1. take formula given
2. subtract 2 (getting all inside carbons) multiple by 2
3. add 6
4. subtract formula found by given
5. divide by 2 = unsaturation

**don't forget to: 1. sub 1H = 1N

2. ignore O

3. 1hal = +1 H

states that the more stable product

1. more hydrogens will want more hydrogens

or

2. more groups will want more groups

note: b/c carbocation bonded to more carbons will be more stable because it is able to share some of the electron clouds to keep it stable

more stable 4>3>2>1 least stable

halide always ends up on more substituted carbon

least stable 1<2<3<4 most stable

why is cl attach to more substituded carbon in terms of E

stabalizing effect- non bonded resonance

e- are pushing against eachothers e- orbitals --?

hyperconjugation is the interaction of the electrons in a sigma bond (usually C–H or C–C) with an adjacent empty (or partially filled) non-bonding p-orbital or antibonding π orbital or filled π orbital, to give an extended molecular orbital that increases the stability of the system

most electroneg atom resides on more substitudteded carbon

markovnikov

is a hypothesis, derived from transition state theory, concerning the transition state of organic chemical reactions, which states that:^[1]

If two states, for example, a transition state and an unstable intermediate, occur consecutively during a reaction process and have nearly the same energy content, their interconversion will involve only a small reorganization of the molecular structures.

ammond's postulate is useful for understanding the relationship between the rate of a reaction and the stability of the products.

- While the rate of a reaction depends just on the activation energy, the final ratios of products in chemical equilibrium depends only on the **standard free-energy change ΔG (“delta G”). The ratio of the final products at equilibrium corresponds directly with the stability of those products.

** most stable product is not always the one that is favored in a reaction process.

then what is??

anti-markovnikov

ROOR peroxide will produce a radical

(ROH) ( BR. radical) which will attack to double bonds producing more stable carbon cation intermediate

radical causes ANTI-MARKOVNIKOV addition

radical reaction

3 steps

1. initiation
2. propagation
3. termination

irradiation with light

reactions beings by breaking relatively weak cl-cl bonds using light

reactive radical cholorine collides with methane molecule ina  propagation step chain reaction

cl. + HCH3 --> HCL CH3.

2 radicals colliding and combine to form stable product

Cl. + Cl. --> Cl-Cl